Explosion-engine.



PATENTED JUNfi 4, 1-907. & n. CLERK.

SSHEETS-SHEE'I' 1.

EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6 1904 H. N. BIGKBRTON, H. W. BRADLEY No. 855,442. PATENTED JUNE .4, 1907. H. N. BIGKERTON, H. w. BRADLEY & n. CLERK. EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION II'LED JULY 6, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 I No. 855,442. PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.

v v H. N. BIGKE RTON, H. W. BRADLEY & D. CLERK.

' EXPLOSION ENGINE. v APPLIOATION PI'LED JULY 0, 1904.

s SHEETS-SHEET a I 77 Z? end??? UNITED srarns PATENT orrion.

HENRY NIELD BICKERTON AND HENRY WENTWORTH BRADLEY, O ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE, AND DUGALD CLERK, OF EWHURST, ENG- LAND.

EXPLOSION-ENGENE.

No. 855,442. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 4, 1907. Application filed July 6, 1904- Serial No. 215,527.

To 107mm 3/ 6071/6877 combustion space, and terminates in a jet Be it known that we, HENRY Niu'Ln Bron which impinges upon the hot plate or hot cap .)ject of the lung oi Great Britain before described. andlreland, and HENRY \Vnnrwonrn BRAD- An important part of our invention conbject of the King of Great Britain sists in this arrangement for causing a rapidly and Ireland, both residing at Wellington lowing jet of air to strike the hot plate just -Ljne, in the county of at the end oi the stroke. This jet of air Jancaster, England, and DUGALD CLERK, a l striking the hot plate and mixing with the subject of the King of Great Britain and Irel inflammable vapor near the hot part is found 10 and, residing at Little W'oolpi ts, Ewhurst, in o act most effectively in timing the ignition and producing a powerful explosion of well l l l l the county of Surrey, England, have invented l certain new and useiul improvements in I mixed vapor and air. 5 xplosron-Engmes, of which the following 18 Referring to the accompanvmg drawa sgeciiication. i ing's: l lgurc l is a sectional side elevation ur invention relates to engines operated on the line A A of-l ig. 3 of the cylinder and by the explosion or mixtures of inflammable I combustion chamber of an oil engine in acvapor and air or inflammable gas and air-,aud I cordance with one form ol" our invention. 7 it is applicable mainly to engines intended to Fig. 2 is a sectional end elevation of the same use icavy oil in which the oil is vaporized by on the line B B ol Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a part 2 a hot surface .lorniing part of the combustion s ctional plan of the same on the line (7 U oi space, and the mixture is also ignited by the 'f i 1, Fi 4 i a i il national plan 'icat ol the combustion chamber or a part showing ribs formed on a rod carried by of it. the cap. Fig. 5 is a similar sectional plan In engines of this type at present in use, showing a metallic tube projecting across the 5 the ignition. is somewhat irregular; that is, end ol the cap.

t e time of firing is diltioult to control, and it In carrying out the invention according to is not easy to oJtain a series of ignitions, the construction shown in Figs. 1 to as apeven at uniform load, in which the impulses l plied to an Otto cycle oil engine, we proare equal, and the pressure rises on the same vide a somewhat elongated combustion space 3 line. I a carrying within it theexhaust and air inlet The object of our invention is to produce valves Z) and 0 respectively. These valves an engine capable of using high compressions may be opposite each other, or may be placed 3 and also capable ol' ignitingwithgreater rcgui side by side in a manner well understood in arity than has been hitherto found possible. oil engine and gas engine construction.

35 I urinvention consists in providing a somcl A argc part I: of the combustion chamber what elongated combustion chamber, which is formed together with the engine casing i, combustion chamber is, as usual, water jackand i t is water jacketed. A vaporizing cap d 9 eted, and preferably l'orms part of the engine which is conical .in form is bolted to the end, casing. This elongated combustion cham. and forms a continuation of this combustion 4 her is litted with an external cap or plate chamber. The cap may be provided with which is not w: ter jacketed, and this cap or ribs or metallic projections to assist igniting,

' plate is heated initially in a manner well unand to some extent vaporizing. The ribs derstood, and its heat is maintained by suc may be conveniently formed on the end of a cessive explosions when the engine has start plug 6 screwed into the cap as shown in Figs.

45 ed. he inlet and exhaust valves are placed 4 and 5, the ribs being denoted therein by the .on of the reference letterf combustion chain er, and the combustion An oil jet g is provided which is thrown by chamber communicates with the motor cylan oil pump and caused to impinge against inder by an aperture of relatively small d1an1- the hot cap which is heated initially by a lamp,

o ctcr. The piston carries a plug which enters as is usual in engines of this type. The oil is intothis aperture at the in end of the stroke injected during the suction slroke. Part of and a passage of small diameter passes from it vaporizes 011 the hot surface durin the su'c- I0 5 the annular space so inclosed tirough the tion stroke, and some of the vapor is carried On the com away by the air passing into the combustion chamber by means 0 the inlet valve 0. This tends, to produce a better mixture than is usual in such engines.

ression stroke, further vaporizing of the fi m of oil injected upon the hot part occurs, but ignition does not take place until just at the en of the compression stroke, when a plug or circular GX'LGHSIOHITC on roi' the end of the piston'm enters a corresponding tact therewith 3o piston commences-its out stroke."

'40 impulses.

The principle, may, however,

.by providing, separately, compressed be as shown in Fig.

. b ,5 r s;

' ters impulse is given. 5

' carried by a pl recess 0 in the aperture leading to the combustionzspace. An annulus or local coinprcssionspaee p is thus formed which is in the remote en and when the plug 7c ena passage n,

in ected ra e recess 0 a puif of air is idly through the passag cap. This air impinges upon the hot ribs j of the plug e,'mixes wi hthe oil vapor in conand at once produces a highly inflammable mixture just at the hottest part of the combustion s ace. Ignition occurs at once, and a powe l and accurately timed The heat of the incandescent surfaces of the metal ribsf'is maintained by a small volume of flame or burning gas which is sucked among the ribs in flowing by way of the passage n to fill the annulus 1) immediately the This suction of flame continues until the piston plug has left the recesso. It is found that this contrivance of throwing an air jetup'on a hot surface to mix this fresh air with the inflamhot surface produces 'a very reliable explo injected or a large amount. The engine therefore ignites regularly without missing y this combination of an elongated combustion chamber carrying inlet and exhaust-valves within it, a' hot cap for vaporizing and igniting, from the cylinder just at the end of the stroke, we are enabled to obtain an-exceedingly reliable and economical heavy oil engine.

In a small engine wcprefer to obtain the air jet for mixing and igniting from the motor piston itself by the means described. also be applied r. compressed by any suitable pump, and jected at the right 'iiionicntagaiiist'thc surface. 3

Instead of providing the cap with its ribs ug, as hereinbefore described, ribsfinaybe formed directly on ii small rod g. which may be screwed into the plug end inserted in-the opening r of the air passage n,

by the cap in hot that ribs carrie this manner ed in the same manner as. the ribs of the plug.

the air passage, and the other enc the outstroke of the d of the e ninto the end of t e sion, whether a small amount of oil has been and an air jet senttion engine, 4

chamber, and uncooled closing cap of tapered l form,

passage of communication etween the compression space and the end of the comj biistion chamber rem te from the piston, re

1 tially as described erform the same functions, and will be heatlon the end The rod (1 may readily be rel gated combustion chamber closed by a constasis moved and replaced by a new one when occasion requires. In another form we replace the ribs'by a small perforated tube 3 as shown in Fig. 5. One end of the tube enters the o ening r o is screwed into the plug e. At thecommencement of sucked into the tube through-the holes t and the tube is raised to a high temperature. At the end of the compression stroke air from the annulus is forced through the perforations'in the tube, whereby a coiniusti le mixture is formed-in contact 'with the hot walls of the tube, and ignition effected as before. j

In some cases when-usin heavy oil, we provide high (pressure. air to re'ak u the oil when injecte into the cylinder, 's high pressure air we ma obtain by a separate Y ump compressing rom atmosphere to the ighpressure;

but-we prefer that pumpto' engine the flame is draw from the compression space air-already com ressed to some extent for-the purpose of gin his enables us to pro uce suflicien pressure air to break up the heavy oil aving now described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by ters Iatent is 2- 1. Incombination in an internal combus-. tion engine, a cooled elongated combustion chamber, a j d uncooled closing cap of 'tapere form,a recess in the combustion chamb the entrance to the cylinder, the end of thepiston adapted cess so as to form at the end of the compresraisin r the pressure by a small ump or p un-' er at l a pro ection on to enter the reroo sion stroke a local air compression space, a

assage of communication between the local compression space and the endof the corn-' bustion chamber remote'from the piston and exhaust and air supply valves in the combuslocal compression tion chamber "near the space, substantially as described.

2. In combination in an internal combusa cooled elon ated combustion the co bustion chamber at movable igniting surfaces laced at the end of the tapered cap opposite to the opening into the cap of the passage,

near the local compression space, substan- 3. ln combination in an internal combustion engine using liquid fuel, a cooled elonlocal.

and exhaust and 1 air supply valves in the combustion chamber It will be read ly seen to the cylinder, a projection on I ieei -vapon'zing cap, e recess in the comhustionehmnher at the enfirence to the cylinder, e projection on the end of the piston adapted to enter the recess so as to form set the end of fihe'eompressien smoke a local air compressionspece, a passage of communication between the local compression space and the end of the combustion chemoei? remote from the oisto1i,re1noveb1e igniting surfaces pieced at toe end of the tapered. cap opposite to the opening into the ca of the passage, and exhaust and air supp Valves in the combusiiion chamber near the local compression space euhstentiefiy as described. 

